Entecavir
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| Pronunciation | /ɛnˈtɛkəvɪər/ en-TEK-a-vir or en-TE-ka-veer |
| Trade names | Baraclude |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a605028 |
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| Routes of administration |
by mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | n/a (≥70) |
| Protein binding | 13% (in vitro) |
| Metabolism | negligible/nil |
| Biological half-life | 128–149 hours |
| Excretion | Renal 62–73% |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.111.234 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H15N5O3 |
| Molar mass | 277.279 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
| Melting point | 220 °C (428 °F) value applies to entecavir monohydrate and is a minimum value |
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Entecavir (ETV), sold under the brand name Baraclude, is an antiviral medication used in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In those with both HIV/AIDS and HBV antiretroviral medication should also be used. Entecavir is taken by mouth as a tablet or solution.
Common side effects include headache, nausea, high blood sugar, and decreased kidney function. Severe side effects include enlargement of the liver, high blood lactate levels, and liver inflammation if the medication is stopped. While there appears to be no harm from use during pregnancy, this use has not been well studied. Entecavir is in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) family of medications. It prevents the hepatitis B virus from multiplying by blocking reverse transcriptase.
Entecavir was approved for medical use in 2005. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United States as of 2015 it is not available as a generic medication. The wholesale price is about 392 USD for a typical month supply as of 2016 in the United States.
Entecavir is mainly used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection in adults and children 2 years and older with active viral replication and evidence of active disease with elevations in liver enzymes. It is also used to prevent HBV reinfection after liver transplant and to treat HIV patients infected with HBV. Entecavir is weakly active against HIV, but is not recommended for use in HIV-HBV co-infected patients without a fully suppressive anti-HIV regimen as it may select for resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine in HIV.
The efficacy of entecavir has been studied in several randomized, double-blind, multicentre trials. Entecavir by mouth is effective and generally well tolerated treatment.
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