Enrico Barone

Enrico Barone (born December 22, 1859 in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies; died May 14, 1924 in Rome, Italy) was a soldier, military historian, and an economist.

Barone studied the classics and mathematics before becoming an army officer. He taught military history for eight years from 1894 at the Officers' Training School. There he wrote a series of influential historical military works. In these he employed a method of successive approximations to which his study in economics had introduced him. In 1902, he became head of the historical office of the General Staff. He resigned his commission in 1906. From 1894 he collaborated with Maffeo Pantaleoni and Vilfredo Pareto on the Giornale degli Economisti.

He was the first to state conditions under which a competitive market would be Pareto efficient. He introduced variable factor proportions into neoclassical economics, contributing to the marginal-productivity theory of factor-income distribution. He extended conditions of general equilibrium in Walrasian theory, suggesting the feasibility of trial-and-error movement to market equilibrium. He pioneered the economic theory of index numbers. His contributions were made without use of utility or even indifference curves.

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