Emslandlager

Emslandlager ("Emsland camps") were a series of 15 moorland labor, punitive and POWs-camps, active from 1933 to 1945 and located in the districts of Emsland and Bentheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. The central administration was set in Papenburg where now a memorial of these camps, the Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Emslandlager, is located.

In Emslandlager VII camp, seven Belgian Freemasons and resistance fighters founded in 1943 Liberté chérie, one of the very few Masonic lodges established within a Nazi concentration camp.

The first and one of the most important of these camps was the Börgermoor concentration camp, situated near the current municipality of Surwold, in Lower Saxony. In June 1933 the first 1000 German political opponents to be held in protective custody (Schutzhaft) arrived at the site of the camp, which they built from scratch, as well as the Esterwegen concentration camp. In 1934 the camp became a punitive one, under the supervision of the Reich Ministry of Justice, and criminals, homosexuals and Jehovah's Witnesses arrived in big numbers, until all the political inmates were moved to the Emslandlager Aschendorfermoor camp in 1937. Starting in 1940, the camp housed increasing numbers of German military personnel held in custody for desertion or unauthorized absence from their military unit. By 1942 they accounted for 50% of the prisoners.

The Börgermoor concentration camp was also the birthplace of one of the best known protest songs, the "Peat Bog Soldiers".

Emslandlager was also the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp near Emsland in Lower Saxony in Germany.

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