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Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès - crop.jpg
Abbé Sieyès, by Jacques-Louis David (1817, Fogg Museum)
President of the Conservative Senate
In office
27 December 1799 – 13 February 1800
President Napoleon Bonaparte
Succeeded by François Barthélemy
Member of the French Directory
In office
17 June 1799 – 10 November 1799
Preceded by Jean Baptiste Treilhard
President of the Council of Five Hundred
In office
21 November 1797 – 20 December 1797
Preceded by François-Toussaint Villers
Succeeded by Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe
66th President of the National Convention
In office
20 April 1795 – 5 May 1795
Member of the National Convention
In office
20 September 1792 – 2 November 1795
Constituency Var
Member of the Estates General for the Third Estate
In office
5 May 1789 – 9 July 1789
Constituency Var
Personal details
Born (1748-05-03)3 May 1748
Fréjus, France
Died 20 June 1836(1836-06-20) (aged 88)
Paris, France
Nationality French
Political party Maraisard (1791–1795)
Education Saint-Sulpice Seminary
Profession Priest, writer
Religion Roman Catholic (forced to recant 1792–94)

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 1748 – 20 June 1836), most commonly known as the Abbé Sieyès (French: [sjejɛs]), was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman and political writer. He was one of the chief political theorists of the French Revolution, and also played a prominent role in the French Consulate and First French Empire. His 1789 pamphlet What is the Third Estate? became the de facto manifesto of the Revolution, helping to transform the Estates-General into the National Assembly in June 1789. In 1799, he was among the instigators of the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (9 November), which brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power. He also coined the term "sociologie" in an unpublished manuscript, and made significant theoretical contributions to the nascent social sciences.

Sieyès was born on 3 May 1748 as the fifth child of Honoré and Annabelle Sieyès in the town of Fréjus in southern France. Sieyès' father was a local tax collector who made a humble income, and while the family had some noble blood, they were commoners. Sieyès' first education came by way of tutors and of the Jesuits. He also spent some time at the collège of the Doctrinaires of Draguignan. Sieyès originally wanted to join the military and become a soldier, but his frail health, combined with his parents' piety, led him instead to pursue a religious career. The vicar-general of Fréjus offered aid to Sieyès, because he felt he was obliged to his father.


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