Emil Fischer Medal
| Hermann Emil Fischer | |
|---|---|
Hermann Emil Fischer
|
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| Born |
Hermann Emil Louis Fischer 9 October 1852 Euskirchen, Rhine Province |
| Died | 15 July 1919 (aged 66) Berlin, Germany |
| Nationality | Germany |
| Alma mater |
University of Bonn University of Strasbourg |
| Known for | Study of sugars & purines |
| Awards |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry |
| Institutions |
University of Munich (1875–81) University of Erlangen (1881–88) University of Würzburg (1888–92) University of Berlin (1892–1919) |
| Doctoral advisor | Adolf von Baeyer |
| Doctoral students |
Otto Diels Otto Ruff Walter A. Jacobs Ludwig Knorr Oskar Piloty Julius Tafel |
Hermann Emil Louis Fischer FRS FRSE FCS (9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He also discovered the Fischer esterification. He developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Emil Fischer.
Fischer was born in Euskirchen, near Cologne, the son of Laurenz Fischer, a businessman, and his wife Julie Poensgen. After graduating he wished to study natural sciences, but his father compelled him to work in the family business until determining that his son was unsuitable. Fischer then attended the University of Bonn in 1871, but switched to the University of Strasbourg in 1872. He earned his doctorate in 1874 under Adolf von Baeyer with his study of phthalein and was appointed to a position at the university.
Fischer is noted for his work on sugars among other work the organic synthesis of (+) glucose and purines (including the first synthesis of caffeine).
Fischer was also instrumental in the discovery of barbiturates, a class of sedative drugs used for insomnia, epilepsy, anxiety, and anesthesia. Along with the physician Josef von Mering, he helped to launch the first barbiturate sedative, barbital, in 1904.
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