Elias Magnus Fries
| Elias Magnus Fries | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
15 August 1794 Femsjö |
| Died | 8 February 1878 (aged 83) Uppsala |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Fields | Mycology, Botany |
| Institutions |
Lund University (1814–1834), Uppsala University (1834–1878) |
| Alma mater | Lund University |
| Known for | Founder of modern fungal taxonomy |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Fr. |
Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS RAS (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist.
Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Wexio.
He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. Borgströmianska professuren, a chair endowed by Eric Erichsson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanical Garden. In 1853, he became rector of the University.
Fries most important works were the three-volume Systema mycologicum (1821–1832), Elenchus fungorum (1828), the two-volume Monographia hymenomycetum Sueciae (1857 and 1863) and Hymenomycetes Europaei (1874).
Fries is considered to be, after Christian Hendrik Persoon, a founding father of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. His taxonomy of mushrooms was influenced by Goethe and the German romantics. He utilized spore color and arrangement of the hymenophore (pores, gills, teeth etc.) as major taxonomic characteristics.
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