Eleanor Maria Josefa of Austria (Polish: Eleonora; 21 May 1653 – 17 December 1697) was, by her two marriages, Queen of Poland and Duchess of Lorraine.

Born in Regensburg, she was the daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Mantua.

Eleanor married Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki (known as Michael I), King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, on 27 February 1670 in the Jasna Góra Monastery. They had one stillborn son on 29 November 1670. In 1671, she had a miscarriage. The opposition of Michael spread rumours that Michael forced her to fake pregnancies, but this is not considered likely. Queen Eleanor was regarded as a model of goodness, softness and loyalty toward her spouse. She learned Polish, although she preferred Latin, and accompanied Michael on his official journeys around Poland.

Her husband died in 1673. She remained in Poland for a couple of years after his death.

Eleanor then married Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, on 6 February 1678 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The couple resided in Innsbrück in Austria. They were the parents of 6 children. She passed to her heirs the inheritance of the Gonzaga of Mantua.

Eleanor died at the age of 44, having outlived both of her husbands and 2 of her children.

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