Electrical energy in Kosovo
| Share of fossil energy | 97% |
|---|---|
| Share of renewable energy | 3% |
| Distribution losses (2012) | 36% |
| Transmission losses (2012) | 2% |
| Share of private sector in distribution | 100% |
| Responsibility for transmission | KOSTT |
| Responsibility for regulation | ERO |
| Responsibility for policy-setting | Ministry of Economic Development |
| Responsibility for the environment | Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning |
| Electricity sector law | Yes (2010) |
The electricity sector of Kosovo relies on coal-fired power plants (97%) and is considered one of the sectors with the greatest potential of development. The inherited issues after the war in Kosovo and the transition period have had an immense effect on the progress of this sector.
Regulation of activities in energy sector in Kosovo is a responsibility of the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO). An additional factor in the energy sector in Kosovo is Ministry of Economic Development(MZHE), which has the responsibility of dealing with issues that have to do with energy. MZHE prepares legislation and drafts strategies and projects.
The main institutions responsible for the energy sector management in Kosovo are: Ministry of Economic Development (MZHE) and Energy Regulatory Office (ERO). Important responsibilities are also held by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development, and the Ministry of Infrastructure. Besides government institutions, there are also companies with great impact in energy sector such as Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK), Transmission, System and Market Operator(KOSTT) and Kosovo Electricity Distribution and Supply (KEDS).
A lot of legislative documents that aim the adjustment of electricity sector have been approved. This includes:laws, administrative instructions and strategic documents. All this legislative framework is drafted relying on EU corresponding documents.
Lignite exploitation in Kosovo started in 1922. New mines were opened to satisfy the needs by increasing generation capacities. Kosovo Energetic Corporation (KEK) is a public company, which owns and operates with generation assets of electric energy.
The greatest part of generation capacities of Kosovo are the two power plants: Kosova A and Kosova B. There is a third plant, Kosovo C, currently being planned. The capacities of the two power plants are lower than the installation parameters level,because of the outdated system and lack of maintenance during the last decade of the 20th century. The first unit of Kosova A power plant started working in 1962 with a power of generation 65 MW. The last unit A5 was built in 1975. A1 and A2 units are out of function and they are planned to be decommissioned. A3, A4 and A5 units are still in function. Kosova B power plant is composed of two units. The first unit was built in 1983 with a capacity of 340MW, while the second unit was built in 1984 with the same power of generation. The conditions in Kosova B power plant have improved after recent investments. The power plants and coal mines are located in Kastriot(Obilić),only 3 km away from the borders of the municipality of Prishtina. Technical and commercial losses and the conditions of the power plants together with the high debts have brought KEK in a difficult financial situation.
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Wikipedia