Edmund Landau
| Edmund Landau | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Edmund Georg Hermann Landau 14 February 1877 Berlin, Germany |
| Died | 19 February 1938 (aged 61) Berlin, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields |
Number theory Complex analysis |
| Institutions |
University of Berlin University of Göttingen Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| Alma mater | University of Berlin |
| Doctoral advisor |
Georg Frobenius Lazarus Fuchs |
| Doctoral students |
Paul Bernays Harald Bohr Gustav Doetsch Hans Heilbronn Dunham Jackson Erich Kamke Aubrey Kempner Alexander Ostrowski Carl Ludwig Siegel Arnold Walfisz Vojtěch Jarník |
| Known for |
Distribution of prime numbers Landau prime ideal theorem |
| Spouse | Marianne Ehrlich |
Edmund Georg Hermann Landau (14 February 1877 – 19 February 1938) was a German born mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis.
Edmund Landau was born to Jewish family in Berlin. His father was Leopold Landau, a gynecologist and his mother was Johanna Jacoby. Landau studied mathematics at the University of Berlin, receiving his doctorate in 1899 and his habilitation (the post-doctoral qualification required in German universities) in 1901. His doctoral thesis was 14 pages long. He taught at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1909, after which he held a chair at the University of Göttingen. He married Marianne Ehrlich, the daughter of the Nobel Prize-winning biologist Paul Ehrlich, in 1905.
During the 1920s, Landau was instrumental in establishing the Mathematics Institute at the nascent Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Intent on eventually settling in Jerusalem, he taught himself Hebrew and delivered a lecture entitled Solved and unsolved problems in elementary number theory in Hebrew on April 2, 1925 during the University's groundbreaking ceremonies. He negotiated with the University's president, Judah Magnes, regarding a position at the University and the building that was to house the Mathematics Institute.
Landau and his family emigrated to Palestine in 1927 and he began teaching at the Hebrew University. The family had difficulty adjusting to the primitive living standards then available in Jerusalem. In addition, Landau became a pawn in a struggle for control of the University between Magnes and Chaim Weizmann and Albert Einstein. Magnes suggested that Landau be appointed Rector of the University, but Einstein and Weizmann supported Selig Brodetsky. Landau was disgusted by the dispute and decided to return to Göttingen, remaining there until he was forced out by the Nazi regime after the Machtergreifung in 1933. Thereafter, he lectured only outside Germany. He moved to Berlin in 1934, where he died in early 1938 of natural causes.
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