Dukes of Newcastle

Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne is a title which has been created three times in British history while the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme has been created once. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1665 when William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne was made Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. He was a prominent Royalist commander in the Civil War. He had already been elevated as Viscount Mansfield in 1620, Baron Cavendish of Bolsover and Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1621 and Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643, and was created Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title to the ; these titles were also in the Peerage of England.

Cavendish was the son of Sir Charles Cavendish, third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire, was his uncle (see the Duke of Devonshire for further history of this branch of the family). Sir Charles Cavendish married as his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. In 1629 their son William Cavendish (then Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne) succeeded as ninth Baron Ogle. He was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, also a politician. His only son and heir apparent Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle, predeceased him. On the Duke's death in 1691 all the titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle which fell into abeyance between his four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish).

Another daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish, married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare. In 1694 the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne in the Peerage of England. The Holles family descended from John Holles, 1st Baron Haughton. He was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in the County of Nottingham, in 1616, and later Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was the politician Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl, who was raised to Duke in 1694. The Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne had one daughter but no sons and on his death in 1711 all his titles became extinct.

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