Dowsborough
| Location | near Nether Stowey |
|---|---|
| Region | Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 51°8′43.56″N 3°12′5.42″W / 51.1454333°N 3.2015056°WCoordinates: 51°8′43.56″N 3°12′5.42″W / 51.1454333°N 3.2015056°W |
| Type | Hill fort |
| History | |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | some damage |
Dowsborough Camp (or Danesborough or Dawesbury) is an Iron Age hill fort on the near Nether Stowey in Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument (No: 189456). The fort and associated round barrow has been added to the Heritage at Risk register due to vulnerability to vehicle damage and erosion.
Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".
The site is at a height of 340 m on an easterly spur from the main Quantock ridge, with views north to the Bristol Channel, and east over the valley of the River Parrett.
The fort has an oval shape, with a single rampart and ditch (univallate) following the contours of the hill top, enclosing an area of 2.7 ha. The main entrance is to the east, towards Nether Stowey, with a simpler opening to the north-west, aligned with a ridgeway leading down to Holford. The Lady's Fountain springs are in the combe to the west. A col to the south connects the hill to the main Stowey ridge, where a linear earthwork known as Dead Woman's Ditch cuts across the spur. This additional rampart would have provided an extra line of defence against attack from the main Quantock ridge to the west, and it could have been a tribal boundary.
...
Wikipedia