Dimethyldichlorosilane
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IUPAC name
Dichlorodimethylsilane
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| Other names
Dichlorodimethylsilane, dichlorodimethylsilicon, dimethylsilicon dichloride, dimethylsilane dichloride, DMDCS
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.820 | ||
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| C2H6Cl2Si | |||
| Molar mass | 129.06 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | clear liquid | ||
| Density | 1.064 g·cm−3 (l) | ||
| Melting point | −76 °C (−105 °F; 197 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K) | ||
| Decomposes in water | |||
| Hazards | |||
| R-phrases | R11 R36 R37 R38 | ||
| S-phrases | S16 S26 S29 S33 S37/39 | ||
| Flash point | −9 °C (16 °F; 264 K) | ||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |||
Dimethyldichlorosilane is a tetrahedral, organosilicon compound with the formula Si(CH3)2Cl2. At room temperature it is a colorless liquid that readily reacts with water to form both linear and cyclic Si-O chains. Dimethyldichlorosilane is made on an industrial scale as the principal precursor to dimethylsilicone and polysilane compounds.
The first organosilicon compounds were reported in 1863 by Charles Friedel and James Crafts who synthesized tetraethylsilane from diethylzinc and silicon tetrachloride. However, major progress in organosilicon chemistry did not occur until Frederick Kipping and his students began experimenting with diorganodichlorosilanes (R2SiCl2) that were prepared by reacting silicon tetrachloride with Grignard reagents. Unfortunately, this method suffered from many experimental problems.
In the 1930s, the demand for silicones increased due to the need for better insulators for electric motors and sealing materials for aircraft engines, and with it the need for a more efficient synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane. To solve the problem, General Electric, Corning Glass Works, and Dow Chemical Company began a partnership that ultimately became the Dow Corning Company. During 1941-1942, Eugene G. Rochow, a chemist from General Electric, and Richard Müller, working independently in Germany, found an alternate synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane that allowed it to be produced on an industrial scale. This Direct Synthesis, or Direct process, which is used in today’s industry, involves the reaction of elemental silicon with methyl chloride in the presence of a copper catalyst.
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