Demographics of Russia
| Population | 144,498,215 (excluding Crimea), 146.8 million (including Crimea) |
|---|---|
| Growth rate |
 0.19% (2014 est.) |
| Birth rate | 13.3 births/1,000 population (2015) |
| Death rate | 13.0 deaths/1,000 population (2015) |
| Life expectancy | 71.4 years (2015) |
| • male | 65.9 years |
| • female | 76.7 years |
| Fertility rate | 1.78 (2015) |
| Infant mortality rate | 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2014) |
| Net migration rate | 1.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014) |
| 0–14 years | 17.0% |
| 15–64 years | 69.1% |
| 65 and over | 13.9% (2016) |
| Total | 0.86 male(s)/female (2009) |
| At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.06 male(s)/female (male 11,980,138/female 11,344,818) |
| 15–64 years | 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967) |
| 65 and over | 0.44 male(s)/female (male 5,783,983/female 13,105,896) |
| Nationality | noun: Russian(s) adjective: Russian |
| Major ethnic | Russians |
| Spoken | Russian, others |
The demographics of Russia is about the demographic features of the population of the Russian Federation including population growth, population density, ethnic composition, education level, health, economic status and other aspects.
As of 1 January 2017, the population of Russia is 144,498,215 excluding Crimea, whose annexation is not recognized by the overwhelming majority of the international community. Including Crimea and Sevastopol, the population was initially projected to stand at 146,838,993. However, updated figures show the population on January 1, 2017 to be 146,804,372.
As of 2015, Russian TFR of 1.777 children per woman was the highest in Eastern, Southern and Central Europe. In 2013, Russia experienced the first natural population growth since 1990 at 22,700. Taking into account immigration, the population grew by 294,500.
According to the 2010 census, ethnic Russians make up 81% of the total population. This share remained steady over the last few decades. Six other ethnicities have a population exceeding 1 million – Tatars (3.9%), Ukrainians (1.4%), Bashkir (1.1%), Chuvash (1%), Chechens (1%) and Armenians (0.9%). In total, 160 different ethnic groups live within the Russian Federation's borders.
Russia's population density is 8.4 people per square kilometre (22 per square mile), making it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. The population is most dense in the European part of the country, with milder climate, centering on Moscow and Saint Petersburg. 74% of the population is urban, making Russia a highly urbanized country.
The population of Russia peaked at 148,689,000 in 1991, just before the breakup of the Soviet Union. Low birth rates and abnormally high death rates caused Russia's population to decline at a 0.5% annual rate, or about 750,000 to 800,000 people per year from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. The UN warned in 2005 that Russia's then population of about 143 million could fall by a third by 2050, if trends did not improve.
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