Defendu
| Also known as | Gutter Fighting, Fairbairn's Gutter Fighting, The Fairbairn Fighting System, The Fairbairn system |
|---|---|
| Focus | Eclectic |
| Country of origin |
 United Kingdom
|
| Creator | William E. Fairbairn, Eric A. Sykes |
| Famous practitioners | Rex Applegate, Dermot M. "PAT" O'Neill, Devil's Brigade, Ian Fleming, Samuel G. Taxis |
| Parenthood | Boxing, Wrestling, Savate, Judo, Kung Fu, Street fighting |
| Olympic sport | No |
Close Quarters Combat System (i.e. Defendu) is a modern martial art developed by William E. Fairbairn and Eric A. Sykes prior to World War II. It is a hand-to-hand combat system based on practical experience mixed with jujutsu and boxing that was developed to train the Shanghai Municipal Police, and was later taught in expanded form to Office of Strategic Services and Special Operations Executive members during World War II.
Based on his training and knowledge in boxing, wrestling, savate, Jujutsu, Judo and fights he was involved in during his police work, Fairbairn began to develop his own system of hand to hand combat, initially referring it as "Defendu". It was designed to be simple to learn and to provide effective results. Fairbairn published his book, Defendu, in 1926 (re-printed as Scientific Self Defence in 1931), illustrating this method and it is here that the term "Defendu" first appeared. This confused early readers of the book, who assumed that the techniques within had been based mainly in the Eastern martial arts that Fairbairn had learned. Thus, in an attempt to highlight the originality of Fairbairn's material, the term did not appear in the 1931 edition of the book.
Fairbairn was called upon by the British to help train Allied troops in World War II. Fairbairn and others expanded on this system to create the Close Quarters Combat system that was then taught to the troops. This system was built on Defendu, but modified for military applications, rather than police and riot control.
The original Defendu was oriented towards self-defense and restraint, while the Close Quarters Combat system concentrated on rapid disabling of an opponent, with potentially lethal force. The militarized version of Defendu is described in the military manual All in fighting 1942, used as a supplement during WW2 CQB-training. This book was later published in a civilian edition, missing the chapters on bayonet-fighting and rifle sighting, under the name Get Tough! How To Win In Hand-To-Hand Fighting. As Taught To The British Commandos And The U.S. Armed Forces. Fairbairn's CQC-system is also described in Rex Applegate's book Kill or Get Killed.
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