Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes, BWV 40
| Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes | |
|---|---|
| BWV 40 | |
| Christmas cantata by J. S. Bach | |
Thomaskirche, Leipzig
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| Related | basis for BWV 233 |
| Occasion | Second Day of Christmas |
| Performed | 26 December 1723: Leipzig |
| Movements | 8 |
| Cantata text | anonymous |
| Bible text | |
| Vocal |
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| Instrumental |
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Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes (For this the Son of God appeared),BWV 40, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in 1723, his first year in Leipzig, for the Second Day of Christmas, and first performed it on 26 December that year in both main churches, Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche. It was the first Christmas cantata Bach composed for Leipzig. The title of the cantata also appears in more modern German as Dazu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes.
The theme of the work is Jesus as the conqueror of the works of the devil, who is frequently mentioned as the serpent. The music is festively scored, using two horns, similar to Part IV of Bach's later Christmas Oratorio. The text by an unknown poet is organised in eight movements, beginning with a choral movement on the biblical text, followed by a sequence of recitatives and arias which is structured as three stanzas from three different hymns. Only two of these hymns are Christmas carols.
Bach used the opening chorus for the concluding Cum Sancto Spiritu in his 1738 Missa in F major, BWV 233.
Bach composed the cantata in his first year in Leipzig, for the Second Day of Christmas. On this day Leipzig celebrated Christmas and St. Stephen's Day in alternating years, with different readings. In 1723, St. Stephen's Day was remembered, with the prescribed readings for the feast day from the Acts of the Apostles, the Martyrdom of Stephen (, ), and from the Gospel of Matthew, Jerusalem killing her prophets (). The cantata text by an unknown author is not related to the martyrdom, but generally reflects Jesus as the conqueror of sin and the works of the devil. The text quotes the Bible in movement 1, a verse from the First Epistle of John (). The contemporary poetry alludes to the Bible several times. Movement 2 is based on the Gospel of John (). Movement 5 reflects the creation narrative (); the image of the serpent is also used in movements 4 and 6. Movement 7 finally picks up a line from the day's Gospel, verse 37, "how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings".
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