Dartford Tunnel

Dartford Crossing
Aerial view of the crossing looking northwards
Location near London
General information
Type	2 tunnels 1 cable-stayed bridge
Location	Dartford, Kent Thurrock, Essex
Coordinates	51°27′53″N 0°15′31″E / 51.46472°N 0.25861°E / 51.46472; 0.25861Coordinates: 51°27′53″N 0°15′31″E / 51.46472°N 0.25861°E / 51.46472; 0.25861
Opened	November 1963 (western tunnel) May 1980 (eastern tunnel) October 1991 (bridge)
Height	61 metres (200 ft) (bridge deck) 137 metres (449 ft) (bridge tower)

The Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing, commonly known as the Dartford Crossing and until 1991 the Dartford Tunnel, is a major road crossing of the River Thames in England, carrying the A282 road between Dartford in Kent to the south with Thurrock in Essex to the north. It consists of two bored tunnels and the cable-stayed Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. The only fixed road crossing of the Thames east of Greater London, it is the busiest estuarial crossing in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of over 130,000 vehicles. It opened in stages: the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980 and the bridge in 1991. The crossing, despite not being under motorway restrictions, is considered part of the M25 motorway's route, using the tunnels northbound and bridge southbound. Described as one of the most important road crossings in Britain, it suffers from heavy traffic and congestion.

The crossing's development started in the late 1930s, but was interrupted due to the Second World War and resumed in the 1950s. The original tunnel catered for a single lane of traffic in each direction, but rising traffic levels required the second tunnel to be built. The M25 connected to the tunnels at both ends when completed in 1986, and this increased traffic put pressure on the tunnels' capacity. A Private Finance Initiative scheme was started in 1988 to build the bridge. The combined crossing now handles four lanes of traffic in each direction.

The crossing had always been tolled, and from 1 April 2003 this became a charge, though since 2008 it has been free from 10 pm to 6 am. An electronic charging scheme (Dart Charge) began in November 2014. As a result, the charge can no longer be paid in cash and the old toll booths have been removed. A residents' scheme is available, offering further discounts for people living near the crossing.

The crossing spans the River Thames between Dartford, Kent, to the south and Thurrock, Essex, to the north. It is about 20 miles (32 km) east of the centre of London, outside the Greater London boundary. The two tunnels are 1,430 metres (4,690 ft) long, while the cable-stayed bridge is 137 metres (449 ft) high with a main span of 450 metres (1,480 ft). A 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) speed limit is in place in both directions. The high-speed rail line High Speed 1 from St Pancras International Station to Ebbsfleet International Station passes under the crossing approach roads on the north side of the river, at a near right angle.