Daniele Manin
| Daniele Manin | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| President of the Republic of San Marco | |
|
In office 17 March 1848 – 22 August 1849 |
|
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
May 13, 1804 Venice, Italian Republic |
| Died | September 22, 1857 (aged 53) Paris, Second French Empire |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse(s) | Teresa Perissinotti (1824-1849; her death) |
| Children | Giorgio (1831-1882) |
| Alma mater | University of Padua |
| Profession |
Teacher Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Daniele Manin (13 May 1804 – 22 September 1857) was an Italian patriot, statesman and leader of the Risorgimento in Venice. He is considered by many Italian historians a hero of the Italian unification.
Daniele Manin was born to Pietro and Anna Maria Bellotto in Ramo Astori, Venice, where his birthplace is commemorated by a plaque. Manin's family was originally Jewish: Daniele's grandfather was Samuele Medina, from Verona. Samuele converted to Christianity in 1759 and took the name Manin because Lodovico Manin sponsored his conversion. He studied law at Padua, and then practised at the bar in Venice, his native city. A man of great learning and a profound jurist, from an early age he held a deep hatred for Austria.
The heroic but hopeless attempt of the Bandiera Brothers, Venetians who had served in the Austrian navy against the Neapolitan Bourbons in 1844, was the first event to cause an awakening of Venetian patriotism. In 1847 Manin presented a petition to the Venetian congregation, a powerless consultative assembly tolerated by Austria, informing the emperor of the wants of the nation. He was arrested on a charge of high treason (18 January 1848), but his arrest only served to agitate of the Venetians, who were beginning to appreciate Manin.
Two months later, when all Italy and half the rest of Europe were in the throes of revolution, the people of Venice forced Count Pallfy (Erdődy Pállfy Alajos gróf), the Austrian governor, to release Manin (17 March). The Austrians soon lost control of the city: the Arsenal was seized by revolutionaries and, under the direction of Manin, a civic guard and a provisional government were instituted. The Austrians withdrew from Venice on 26 March and Manin became president of the re-created Republic of San Marco. He had already been in favour of Italian unity, but not anxious for annexation to Piedmont because he would have liked to enlist French aid. He gave in to the will of the majority of his compatriots and resigned his powers to the Piedmontese commissioners on 7 August. But after the Piedmontese defeat at Custoza, and the armistice in which King Charles Albert abandoned Lombardy and Venetia to Austria, the Venetians attempted to lynch the royal commissioners, whose lives Manin saved with difficulty. An assembly was summoned, and a triumvirate formed with Manin at its head.
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