Dachas

A dacha (Russian: да́ча; IPA: [ˈdatɕə]) is a seasonal or year-round second home, often located in the exurbs of Russian and other post-Soviet cities. A cottage (коттедж, kottedzh) or shack serving as a family's main or only home, or an outbuilding, is not considered a dacha, although recently purpose-built dachas have been converted to year-round residences and vice versa. In some cases, owners occupy their dachas for part of the year and rent them out to urban residents as summer retreats. People in dachas are colloquially called dachniki (дачники); the term usually refers not only to dwellers in a dacha, but to a whole distinctive lifestyle. The Russian term is often said to have no exact counterpart in English.

Dachas are common in Russia, and are also widespread in most parts of the former Soviet Union and in some countries of the former Eastern Bloc. Surveys in 1993–1994 suggested that about 25% of Russian families living in large cities had dachas. Most dachas are in colonies of dachas and garden plots near large cities. These clusters have existed since the Soviet era, and consist of numerous small, typically 600 square metres (0.15 acres), land plots. They were initially intended only as recreation getaways of city dwellers and for the purpose of growing small gardens for food. As of 2017^[update] dachniki use their dachas for fishing, hunting, and other leisure activities. Growing garden crops – still seen as an important part of dacha life – remains popular.

Dachas originated as small country estates given as a gift by the tsar, and have been popular among the Russian upper- and middle-classes ever since. During the Soviet era, many dachas were state-owned, and were given to the elite of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). The government of the Russian Federation continues to own State dachas (gosdacha) for use by the president and by other officials. They were extremely popular in the Soviet Union, because people did not have the opportunity to buy land and build a house where they wanted, and also because they lacked other opportunities to spend their time and money.

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