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DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

DNA-directed DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase.png
3D structure of the DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motifs in human DNA polymerase beta (based on PDB file 7ICG)
Identifiers
EC number 2.7.7.7
CAS number 9012-90-2
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / QuickGO
DNA polymerase family A
PDB 2hht EBI.jpg
c:o6-methyl-guanine pair in the polymerase-2 basepair position
Identifiers
Symbol DNA_pol_A
Pfam PF00476
InterPro IPR001098
SMART -
PROSITE PDOC00412
SCOP 1dpi
SUPERFAMILY 1dpi
DNA polymerase family B
PDB 2dy4 EBI.jpg
crystal structure of rb69 gp43 in complex with dna containing thymine glycol
Identifiers
Symbol DNA_pol_B
Pfam PF00136
Pfam clan CL0194
InterPro IPR006134
PROSITE PDOC00107
SCOP 1noy
SUPERFAMILY 1noy
DNA polymerase type B, organellar and viral
PDB 1xhz EBI.jpg
phi29 dna polymerase, orthorhombic crystal form, ssdna complex
Identifiers
Symbol DNA_pol_B_2
Pfam PF03175
Pfam clan CL0194
InterPro IPR004868

In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

These enzymes catalyze the following chemical reaction

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3'- end of a DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time.

Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerases are required to help duplicate the cell's DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each daughter cell. In this way, genetic information is passed down from generation to generation.

Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form, in the process breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases. This opens up or "unzips" the double-stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.

In 1956, Arthur Kornberg and colleagues discovered DNA polymerase I (Pol I), in Escherichia coli. They described the DNA replication process by which DNA polymerase copies the base sequence of a template DNA strand. Kornberg was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959 for this work.DNA polymerase II was also discovered by Thomas Kornberg (the son of Arthur Kornberg) and Malcolm E. Gefter in 1970 while further elucidating the role of Pol I in E. coli DNA replication.


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Wikipedia

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