Cyprus participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "Alter Ego" written by Minus One and Thomas G:son. The song was performed by the band Minus One, which was selected by the Cypriot broadcaster Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC) in November 2015 to represent Cyprus at the 2016 contest in , Sweden. The Cypriot song, "Alter Ego", was presented to the public on 22 February 2016.

Cyprus was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 10 May 2016. Performing during the show in position 11, "Alter Ego" was announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 14 May. It was later revealed that Cyprus placed eighth out of the 18 participating countries in the semi-final with 164 points. In the final, Cyprus performed in position 14 and placed twenty-first out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 96 points.

Prior to the 2016 contest, Cyprus had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest thirty-two times since their debut in 1981. The nation's highest placing in the contest was fifth, which they achieved three times: in 1982 with the song "Mono I Agapi" performed by Anna Vissi, in 1997 with "Mana Mou" performed by Hara and Andreas Constantinou, and 2004 with "Stronger Every Minute" performed by Lisa Andreas. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Cyprus had featured in five finals. Cyprus' least successful result in the final has been last place, which they achieved in 1986 with the song "Tora Zo" performed by Elpida. After returning to the contest in 2015 following their one-year withdrawal from the 2014 due to the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis and the broadcaster's budget restrictions, Cyprus managed to qualify to the final and place twenty-second with the song "One Thing I Should Have Done" performed by John Karayiannis.

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