Cyproheptadine

Cyproheptadine

Clinical data
Trade names	Periactin
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682541
License data	US DailyMed: 54686520-506f-7765-7220-436f736d6963
Pregnancy category	AU: A US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	R06AX02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S3 (Pharmacist only) CA: OTC UK: OTC
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	96 to 99%
Metabolism	Hepatic. Mostly CYP3A4 meditated.
Biological half-life	8.6 hours
Excretion	Faecal (2-20%; 34% of this as unchanged drug) and renal (40%; none as unchanged drug)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 4-(5H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride
CAS Number	129-03-3 Y969-33-5 (hydrochloride)
PubChem (CID)	2913
IUPHAR/BPS	277
DrugBank	DB00434 Y
ChemSpider	2810 Y
UNII	2YHB6175DO Y
KEGG	D07765 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:4046 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL516 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.482
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H21N
Molar mass	287.398 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES c43\C(=C1/CCN(C)CC1)c2ccccc2\C=C/c3cccc4
InChI InChI=1S/C21H21N/c1-22-14-12-18(13-15-22)21-19-8-4-2-6-16(19)10-11-17-7-3-5-9-20(17)21/h2-11H,12-15H2,1H3 Y Key:JJCFRYNCJDLXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

Cyproheptadine (/ˌsaɪproʊˈhɛptədiːn/), sold under the brand name Periactin or Peritol, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties.

Adverse effects include

Research has shown a suppression of growth hormone with doses of 8–12 mg per day taken for 5 days.

Gastric decontamination measures such as activated charcoal are sometimes recommended in cases of overdose. The symptoms are usually indicative of CNS depression (or conversely CNS stimulation in some) and excess anticholinergic side effects. The LD₅₀ in mice is 123 mg/kg and 295 mg/kg in rats.

Cyproheptadine is known to be an antagonist (or inverse agonist depending on the site in question) of the receptors listed in the table below.

Acronyms used:
RC - Cloned rat receptor.
MN - Mouse NG108-15 receptor.

Cyproheptadine is well-absorbed following oral ingestion, with peak plasma levels occurring after 1–3 hours. Its half-life when taken orally is approximately 8 hours.

Cyproheptadine is used in cats as an appetite stimulant and as an adjunct in the treatment of asthma. Possible adverse effects include excitement and aggressive behavior. The elimination half-life of cyproheptadine in cats is 12 hours.