Cultural Olympiad
| Olympiad | Start date | End date | Host of the Games of the Olympiad | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | (1st) | 1 Jan 1896 | 31 Dec 1899 | Athens, Greece |
| II | (2nd) | 1 Jan 1900 | 31 Dec 1903 | Paris, France |
| III | (3rd) | 1 Jan 1904 | 31 Dec 1907 | St. Louis, United States |
| IV | (4th) | 1 Jan 1908 | 31 Dec 1911 | London, United Kingdom |
| V | (5th) | 1 Jan 1912 | 31 Dec 1915 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| VI | (6th) | 1 Jan 1916 | 31 Dec 1919 | Not celebrated (Originally Berlin, German Empire) |
| VII | (7th) | 1 Jan 1920 | 31 Dec 1923 | Antwerp, Belgium |
| VIII | (8th) | 1 Jan 1924 | 31 Dec 1927 | Paris, France |
| IX | (9th) | 1 Jan 1928 | 31 Dec 1931 | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| X | (10th) | 1 Jan 1932 | 31 Dec 1935 | Los Angeles, United States |
| XI | (11th) | 1 Jan 1936 | 31 Dec 1939 | Berlin, Germany |
| XII | (12th) | 1 Jan 1940 | 31 Dec 1943 | Not celebrated (Originally Tokyo, Japan or Helsinki, Finland) |
| XIII | (13th) | 1 Jan 1944 | 31 Dec 1947 | Not celebrated (Originally London, United Kingdom) |
| XIV | (14th) | 1 Jan 1948 | 31 Dec 1951 | London, United Kingdom |
| XV | (15th) | 1 Jan 1952 | 31 Dec 1955 | Helsinki, Finland |
| XVI | (16th) | 1 Jan 1956 | 31 Dec 1959 | Melbourne, Australia |
| XVII | (17th) | 1 Jan 1960 | 31 Dec 1963 | Rome, Italy |
| XVIII | (18th) | 1 Jan 1964 | 31 Dec 1967 | Tokyo, Japan |
| XIX | (19th) | 1 Jan 1968 | 31 Dec 1971 | Mexico City, Mexico |
| XX | (20th) | 1 Jan 1972 | 31 Dec 1975 | Munich, West Germany |
| XXI | (21st) | 1 Jan 1976 | 31 Dec 1979 | Montreal, Canada |
| XXII | (22nd) | 1 Jan 1980 | 31 Dec 1983 | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| XXIII | (23rd) | 1 Jan 1984 | 31 Dec 1987 | Los Angeles, United States |
| XXIV | (24th) | 1 Jan 1988 | 31 Dec 1991 | Seoul, South Korea |
| XXV | (25th) | 1 Jan 1992 | 31 Dec 1995 | Barcelona, Spain |
| XXVI | (26th) | 1 Jan 1996 | 31 Dec 1999 | Atlanta, United States |
| XXVII | (27th) | 1 Jan 2000 | 31 Dec 2003 | Sydney, Australia |
| XXVIII | (28th) | 1 Jan 2004 | 31 Dec 2007 | Athens, Greece |
| XXIX | (29th) | 1 Jan 2008 | 31 Dec 2011 | Beijing, China |
| XXX | (30th) | 1 Jan 2012 | 31 Dec 2015 | London, United Kingdom |
| XXXI | (31st) | 1 Jan 2016 | 31 Dec 2019 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| XXXII | (32nd) | 1 Jan 2020 | 31 Dec 2023 | Tokyo, Japan |
| XXXIII | (33rd) | 1 Jan 2024 | 31 Dec 2027 | To be decided |
| XXXIV | (34th) | 1 Jan 2028 | 31 Dec 2031 | To be decided |
An Olympiad (Greek: Ὀλυμπιάς, olympiás) is a period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of the Ancient Greeks. During the Hellenistic period, beginning with Ephorus, it was used as a calendar epoch. By this reckoning, the first Olympiad lasted from the summer of 776 BC to that of 772 BC. By extrapolation to the Gregorian calendar, the 1st year of the 699th Olympiad begins in (Northern-Hemisphere) mid-summer 2017.
A modern Olympiad refers to a four-year period beginning January 1 of a year in which the Summer Olympics are due to occur. The first modern Olympiad began in 1896, the second in 1900, and so on (the 31st began in 2016: see the Olympic Charter).
An Olympiad was a period of four years. Example: Olympiad 140, year 1 = 220/219 BC; year 2 = 219/218 BC; year 3 = 218/217 BC; year 4 = 217/216 BC.
The sophist Hippias was the first writer to publish a list of victors of the Olympic Games, and by the time of Eratosthenes, it was generally agreed that the first Olympic games had happened during the summer of 776 BC. The combination of victor lists and calculations from 776 BC onwards enabled Greek historians to use the Olympiads as a way of reckoning time that did not depend on the time reckonings of one of the city-states. (See Attic calendar.) The first to do so consistently was Timaeus of Tauromenium in the third century BC. Nevertheless, since for events of the early history of the games the reckoning was used in retrospect, some of the dates given by later historian for events before the 5th century BC are very unreliable. In the 2nd century AD, Phlegon of Tralles summarised the events of each Olympiad in a book called Olympiads, and an extract from this has been preserved by the Byzantine writer Photius. Christian chroniclers continued to use this Greek system of dating as a way of synchronising biblical events with Greek and Roman history. In the 3rd century AD, Sextus Julius Africanus compiled a list of Olympic victors up to 217 BC, and this list has been preserved in the Chronicle of Eusebius.
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