Cowper Phipps Coles
| Captain Cowper Phipps Coles | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | 1819 |
| Died | 7 September 1870 Cape Finisterre |
| Allegiance |
 United Kingdom
|
| Service/branch |
 Royal Navy
|
| Years of service | 1830-1870 |
| Rank | Captain |
Captain Cowper Phipps Coles, C.B., R.N. (1819 – 7 September 1870), was an English naval captain and inventor; he was the first to patent a design for a revolving gun turret. Coles died when HMS Captain, an experimental warship built to his designs, sank with him on board.
The son of the Reverend John Coles and his wife Mary Ann Goodhew Rogers, he entered the Royal Navy at the age of eleven. On 9 January 1846, he was promoted to Lieutenant and on 5 December 1849 posted to Phaeton commanded by George Augustus Elliot. On 24 October 1853, he was posted to Agamemnon as flag lieutenant for his uncle, Rear Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons. He distinguished himself at the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War against Russia. On 13 November 1854 promoted to Commander and on 2 August 1856 was commander of the paddle boat Stromboli in the Black Sea.
It was at this time that he and other British naval officers and sailors constructed a 45 feet (14 m) raft named the Lady Nancy from twenty-nine casks lashed together with spars. The raft supported a long 32 pounder gun and because of its small draft could be moved into shallow water from where it was used to attack Russian government stores in Taganrog. Coles became a hero for this action, when the press correspondent on board Stromboli reported his daring deeds. Coles expanded the idea by drawing up plans for a better raft, mounting a gun enclosed within a hemispherical shield. Admiral Lyons was impressed with the ideas and Coles was sent to London to present his ideas to the Admiralty. Plans were prepared for 90 by 30 feet (27.4 by 9.1 m) rafts with a draught of 3 feet 7 inches (1.09 m) which would be used to attack the Kronstadt forts. The rafts would be able to approach through shallow waters not protected by the fort guns. Unfortunately for Coles, the war ended before the raft could be built.
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