County of Rouen
| Duchy of Normandy | ||||||||||
| Duché de Normandie | ||||||||||
| Vassal of the Kingdom of France | ||||||||||
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 Normandy's historical borders in the northwest of modern-day France and the Channel Islands
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| Capital | Rouen | |||||||||
| Languages |
Latin Old Norman |
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| Religion |
Norse religion Roman Catholicism |
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| Government | Feudal monarchy | |||||||||
| Duke of Normandy | ||||||||||
| • | 996–1026 | Richard II (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1035–1087 | William the Conqueror | ||||||||
| • | 1144–1150 | Geoffrey Plantagenet | ||||||||
| • | 1199–1216 (1204) | John Lackland (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte | 911 | ||||||||
| • | Norman conquest of England | 1066 | ||||||||
| • | Normandy conquered by Anjou | 1144 | ||||||||
| • | Normandy conquered by French Crown | 1204 | ||||||||
| • | Treaty of Paris | 1259 | ||||||||
| • | Ducal ring destroyed | 1469 | ||||||||
| • | French nominal ducal title abolished | 1790 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 France Guernsey Jersey
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The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and Rollo, leader of the Vikings. The duchy was named for its inhabitants, the Normans.
From 1066 until 1204 it was held by the kings of England, except for the brief rule of Robert Curthose (1087–1106), eldest son of William the Conqueror but unsuccessful claimant to the English throne; and Geoffrey Plantagenet (1144–1150), husband of Empress Matilda or Maude (a contraction of Matilda) and father of Henry II.
In 1202, Philip II of France declared Normandy forfeit to him and seized it by force of arms in 1204. It remained disputed territory until the Treaty of Paris of 1259, when the English sovereign ceded his claim except for the Channel Islands; i.e., the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, and their dependencies (including Sark).
In the Kingdom of France, the duchy was occasionally set apart as an apanage to be ruled by a member of the royal family. After 1469, however, it was permanently united to the royal domain, although the title was occasionally conferred as an honorific upon junior members of the royal family. The last French duke of Normandy in this sense was Louis-Charles, duke from 1785 to 1789.
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Wikipedia