Coober Pedy, South Australia

Coober Pedy South Australia
The town of Coober Pedy
Coober Pedy
Coordinates	29°0′40″S 134°45′20″E / 29.01111°S 134.75556°E / -29.01111; 134.75556Coordinates: 29°0′40″S 134°45′20″E / 29.01111°S 134.75556°E / -29.01111; 134.75556
Population	1,695 (2011 census)
Established	1915
Postcode(s)	5723
Location	846 km (526 mi) north-west of Adelaide via 688 km (428 mi) south of Alice Springs via
LGA(s)	District Council of Coober Pedy
Region	Far North
State electorate(s)	Giles
Federal Division(s)	Grey
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 27.5 °C 82 °F 14.1 °C 57 °F 129.5 mm 5.1 in
Localities around Coober Pedy: Mount Willoughby Mount Willoughby Mount Barry Anna Creek Mount Clarence Station Coober Pedy Anna Creek Mount Clarence Station Ingomar Ingomar Mount Douall
Footnotes	Adjoining localities

Coober Pedy is a town in northern South Australia, 846 km (526 mi) north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway. According to the 2011 census, its population was 1,695 (953 males, 742 females, including 275 indigenous Australians). The town is sometimes referred to as the "opal capital of the world" because of the quantity of precious opals that are mined there. Coober Pedy is renowned for its below-ground residences, called "dugouts", which are built in this fashion due to the scorching daytime heat. The name "Coober Pedy" comes from the local Aboriginal term kupa-piti, which means "boys’ waterhole".

Opal was found in Coober Pedy on 1 February 1915; since then the town has been supplying most of the world's gem-quality opal. Coober Pedy today relies as much on tourism as the opal mining industry to provide the community with employment and sustainability. Coober Pedy has over seventy opal fields and is the largest opal mining area in the world.

Aboriginal people have a long-standing connection with the area. The first European explorer to pass near the site of Coober Pedy was Scottish-born John McDouall Stuart in 1858, but the town was not established until after 1915, when opal was discovered by Wille Hutchison. Miners first moved in about 1916. By 1999, there were more than 250,000 mine shaft entrances in the area and a law discouraged large-scale mining by allowing each prospector a 165-square-foot (15.3 m²) claim.

The harsh summer desert temperatures mean that many residents prefer to live in caves bored into the hillsides ("dugouts"). A standard three-bedroom cave home with lounge, kitchen, and bathroom can be excavated out of the rock in the hillside for a similar price to building a house on the surface. However, dugouts remain at a constant temperature, while surface buildings need air conditioning, especially during the summer months, when temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F). The relative humidity rarely gets over 20% on these hot days, and the skies are usually cloud-free. The average maximum temperature is 30–32 °C (86–90 °F), but it can get quite cool in the winter.