Converb

In theoretical linguistics, a converb (abbreviated cvb) is a non-finite verb form that serves to express adverbial subordination: notions like 'when', 'because', 'after' and 'while'.

Examples:

Converbs are differentiated from coverbs, verbs in complex predicates in languages that have the serial verb construction.

Converbs can be observed in Turkic and Mongolian languages, especially Mongolian.

The term was coined for Mongolian by Ramstedt (1903) and until recently, it was used mostly by specialists of Mongolic and Turkic languages to describe non-finite verbs that could be used for both coordination or subordination. Nedjalkov & Nedjalkov (1987) first adopted the term for general typological use, followed by Haspelmath & König (1995). Other terms that have been used to refer to converbs include adverbial participle, conjunctive participle, gerund, gerundive and verbal adverb (Ylikoski 2003).

A converb depends syntactically on another verb form, but is not its argument. It can be an adjunct, an adverbial, but it cannot be the only predicate of a simple sentence.or clausal argument. It cannot depend on predicates such as 'order' (Nedjalkov 1995: 97).

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