Constitution of the People's Republic of China
| Constitution of China | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國憲法 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国宪法 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Xiànfǎ |
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国宪法) is nominally the supreme law within the People's Republic of China. The current version was adopted by the 5th National People's Congress on December 4, 1982, with further revisions in 1988, 1993, 1999, and 2004. Three previous state constitutions—those of 1954, 1975, and 1978—were superseded in turn. The current constitution is China's twelfth constitution since 1911. See a timeline of all previous constitutions and amendments here. The Constitution has five sections which are the preamble, general principles, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, structure of the state (which includes such state organs as the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Local People's Congress and Local People's Governments and the People's Courts and the People's Procuratorates), the national flag and the emblems of the state.
The first Constitution of the People's Republic of China was declared in 1954. After two intervening versions enacted in 1975 and 1978, the current Constitution was declared in 1982. There were significant differences between each of these versions, and the 1982 Constitution has subsequently been amended several times. In addition, changing Constitutional conventions have led to significant changes in the structure of Chinese government in the absence of changes in the text of the Constitution.
The 1982 document reflects Deng Xiaoping's determination to lay a lasting institutional foundation for domestic stability and modernization. The new State Constitution provides a legal basis for the broad changes in China's social and economic institutions and significantly revises government structure.
There have been four major revisions by the National People's Congress (NPC) to the 1982 Constitution.
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