Communist Party of Nepal

The Communist Party of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी) was founded in Calcutta, India, on September 15, 1949. CPN was formed to struggle against the autocratic Rana regime, feudalism and imperialism. The founding general secretary was Pushpa Lal Shrestha.Other member are Nar Bahadur Karmacharya, Niranjan Govinda Baidhya and Narayan Bilas Joshi.

CPN played an important role in 1951 uprising that overthrew the Rana regime. After the Raksha Dal revolt in 1952, the CPN was banned on January 24, 1952.

In 1954 the first party congress was held clandestinely in Patan. Manmohan Adhikari was elected general secretary.

In April 1956 the ban on the party was lifted.

In 1957 the second party congress was held in Kathmandu. For the first time the party could hold its congress openly. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi was elected general secretary. The congress approved a republican party programme.

Rayamajhi supported the 1960 royal coup. This position prompted Ajoy Ghosh, leader of the Communist Party of India to advice Rayamjhi to rectify his positions and retain the struggle against the monarchy. In early 1961 all political parties were banned. A wave of repression against CPN was initiated by the government. Rayamajhi, had however, expressed certain faith in the politics of the monarch, something that provoked stern reaction from other sectors of the party. To resolve the conflict a Central Plenum was convened in Darbhanga, India. The plenum lasted one month. Three lines emerged, a pro-constitutional monarchy line led by Rayamajhi, a line that wanted to restore the dissolved parliament and launch broad mass movements led by Pushpa Lal and a third line which favoured a constitutional assembly led by Mohan Bikram Singh. The latter line emerged victorious, but its sole representative in the Central Committee was Singh.

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