Civil Rights Act of 1968

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Long title	An act to prescribe penalties for certain acts of violence or intimidation, and for other purposes.
Nicknames	Fair Housing Act, Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
Enacted by	the 90th United States Congress
Effective	April 11, 1968
Citations
Public law	90-284
Statutes at Large	82 Stat. 73
Codification
Titles amended	42
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 2516 by Emanuel Celler (D–NY) on January 7, 1967 Committee consideration by Judiciary Passed the House on August 16, 1967 (326–93) Passed the Senate on March 12, 1968 (71–20) with amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on April 10, 1968 (250–172) Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11, 1968
Major amendments
Section 1983 Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
United States Supreme Court cases
Trafficante v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.

The Civil Rights Act of 1968, (Pub.L. 90–284, 82 Stat. 73, enacted April 11, 1968), also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin.” The Act was signed into law during the King assassination riots by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had previously signed the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law.

Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is commonly known as the Fair Housing Act and was meant as a follow‑up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibited discrimination in housing, there were no federal enforcement provisions. The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and since 1974, gender; since 1988, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children.

Victims of discrimination may use both the 1968 act and the 1866 act via section 1983 to seek redress. The 1968 act provides for federal solutions while the 1866 act provides for private solutions (i.e., civil suits).

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