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Cipro

Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin.svg
Ciprofloxacin-zwitterion-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
Clinical data
Trade names Ciloxan, Cipro, Neofloxin, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a688016
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration
By mouth, intravenous, topical (ear drops, eye drops)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 70%
Protein binding 30%
Metabolism Liver (incl. CYP1A2)
Biological half-life 3.5 hours
Excretion Kidney
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
ECHA InfoCard 100.123.026
Chemical and physical data
Formula C17H18FN3O3
Molar mass 331.346 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
  

Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra abdominal infections, certain type of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics. It can be taken by mouth or used intravenously.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. Ciprofloxacin increases the risk of tendon rupture and worsening muscle weakness in people with the neurological disorder myasthenia gravis. Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin. Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy. No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication. It appears to be safe during breastfeeding. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.

Ciprofloxacin was introduced in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication and not very expensive. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.03 and 0.13 USD a dose. In the United States it is sold for about 0.40 USD per dose.


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