Chunwei

Chunwei (Chinese: 俊瑋) is an ethnonym for the most ancient nomadic tribes that invaded China during legendary times. A Chinese Classical scholar and the first President of the Imperial Nanking University, Wei Zhao (204–273), commented, identificating the name Chunwei with the name of the Huns: “During the Han (206 BC-220 AD) they (the Huns) were called Xiongnu 匈奴, and the Hunyu 葷粥 is just another name for the same people, and similarly, the Xunyu 獯粥 is just another transcription of Chunwei’s 淳維, their ancestor’s name”.

Considering that in the Yin age (殷, 1401-1122 BC) there was a northern dialect of the word chunwei 淳維 corresponding to xunyu 獯粥, it is concluded that the two varieties cover the same name. Katalin Csornai stated a concept that chunwei 淳維, xunyu 獯粥 and xiongnu 匈奴 should once have been the same name in different languages or dialects. For this reason Ying Shao (應劭, Hou Han Shu commentator, 195 AD) wrote in Fengsutung (Ying Shao, The Meaning of Popular Customs, AD 140-206): “The name Xunyu 獯粥 of the Yin age has been transformed to Xiongnu 匈奴”. And according to the records of Sima Qian, the Xiongnu 匈奴 were mentioned as Shanrong 山戎, Xianyun 獫狁, and Hunyu 葷粥 between the age of Tang and the age of Yu (2205-1766 BC).

Sima Qian stated, based on preceding Chinese records (Bamboo Annals), that the Xiongnu's 匈奴 ruling clan were descendants of Chunwei (淳維 "Chun tribes"), possibly a son of Jie of Xia (the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty c. 1728–1675 BC).

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