Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. Aspergillosis describes a large number of diseases involving both infection and growth of fungus as well as allergic responses. Aspergillosis can occur in a variety of organs, both in humans and animals.

The most common sites of infection are the respiratory apparatus (lungs, sinuses) and these infections can be:

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a long-term aspergillus infection of the lung and Aspergillus fumigatus is almost always the species responsible for this illness. Patients fall into several groups as listed below.

Most patients with CPA have or have had an underlying lung disease. The most common diseases include tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium infection, stage III fibrocystic pulmonary sarcoidosis, ABPA, lung cancer, COPD and emphysema, asthma and silicosis.

The specific criteria for diagnosis of CPA are:

Chest X-rays showing one or more lung cavities. There may be a fungal ball present or not. Symptoms lasting more than 3 months, usually including weight loss, fatigue, cough, coughing blood (haemoptysis) and breathlessness A blood test or tissue fluid test positive for Aspergillus species Aspergilloma

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