Chloroethene
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| Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Chloroethene
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| Other names
Vinyl chloride monomer
VCM Chloroethylene Refrigerant-1140 |
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.756 | ||
| KEGG | |||
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| C2H3Cl | |||
| Molar mass | 62.50 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | pleasant | ||
| Density | 0.911 g/ml | ||
| Melting point | −153.8 °C (−244.8 °F; 119.3 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −13.4 °C (7.9 °F; 259.8 K) | ||
| 2.7 g/L (0.0432 mol/L) | |||
| Vapor pressure | 2580 mm. of mercury 20 °C (68 °F) | ||
| -35.9·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 0.8592 J/K/g (gas) 0.9504 J/K/g (solid) |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−94.12 kJ/mol (solid) | ||
| Hazards | |||
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EU classification (DSD) (outdated)
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 F+  T
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| R-phrases (outdated) | R12, R45 | ||
| S-phrases (outdated) | S45, S53 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | −61 °C (−78 °F; 212 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | 3.6%-33% | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 1 ppm C 5 ppm [15-minute] | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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Ca | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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Ca [N.D.] | ||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H2C=CHCl that is also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) or chloroethene. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). About 13 billion kilograms are produced annually. VCM is among the top twenty largest petrochemicals (petroleum-derived chemicals) in world production. The United States currently remains the largest VCM manufacturing region because of its low-production-cost position in chlorine and ethylene raw materials. China is also a large manufacturer and one of the largest consumers of VCM. Vinyl chloride is a gas with a sweet odor. It is highly toxic, flammable, and carcinogenic. It can be formed in the environment when soil organisms break down "chlorinated" solvents. Vinyl chloride that is released by industries or formed by the breakdown of other chlorinated chemicals can enter the air and drinking water supplies. Vinyl chloride is a common contaminant found near landfills. In the past VCM has been used as a refrigerant.
Vinyl chloride was first produced in 1835 by Justus von Liebig and his student Henri Victor Regnault. They obtained it by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol.
In 1912, Fritz Klatte, a German chemist working for Griesheim-Elektron, patented a means to produce vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride using mercuric chloride as a catalyst. While this method was widely used during the 1930s and 1940s in the West, it has since been superseded by more economical processes based on ethylene in the United States and Europe. It remains the main production method in China.
Vinyl chloride is produced on a substantial scale—approximately 31.1 million tons were produced in 2000. Two methods are employed, the hydrochlorination of acetylene and the dehydrochlorination of ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane). Numerous attempts have been made to convert ethane directly to vinyl chloride.
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Wikipedia