Chirand
| Chirand | |
|---|---|
| Village | |
 Chirand
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| Coordinates: 25°44′27.1828″N 84°49′11.5651″E / 25.740884111°N 84.819879194°ECoordinates: 25°44′27.1828″N 84°49′11.5651″E / 25.740884111°N 84.819879194°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Saran |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-BR |
Chirand is a small village in the Saran district of Bihar, India, situated on the northern bank of the Ganga River. It has a large pre-historic mound which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period. The excavations in Chirand have revealed stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlements, and transitions in human habitation patterns dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.
Chirand village is located on the northern bank of the Ganga River. The river Ghagra joins Ganga a short distance away from the village, near Revalganj. The Sone River also joins Ganga about a few kilometres away from Chirand. About 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the north of the mound there is a dry river bed which is inferred as one of the meandering dry loops of the Gandaki River. Thus, there are four rivers in the vicinity of Chirand. The village has undergone erosion due to which the mound abutting the Ganga River bank is exposed, revealing brick features and potsherds. On the top of the mound there is a mosque, which was built by Sultan Abul Muzaffar Hussain Shah of Bengal in 1503 AD. This mosque reveals ruins of pilasters of Hindu temples.
Chirand is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Chhapra, the district headquarters in the state of Bihar. The Archaeological Survey of India controls about 0.5 square kilometres (0.19 sq mi) of the area of the village.
The average annual rainfall in the area is 115 centimetres (45 in). Much of the rainfall occurs from June to September when the snow melts and monsoons tend to start. The Ganga River tends to flow beyond capacity causing flooding and deposition of alluvium in the adjoining area.
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