Chicken War

Chicken War or Hen War (Polish: Wojna kokosza) is the colloquial name for a 1537 anti-royalist and anti-absolutist rokosz (rebellion) by the Polish nobility. The derisive name was coined by the magnates, who for the most part supported the King and claimed that the "war's" only effect was the near-extinction of the local chickens, eaten by the nobles gathered for the rokosz at Lwów, in Małopolska. The magnates' choice of "kokosz" — meaning "an egg laying hen" — may have been inspired by a play on words between "kokosz" and the similar-sounding "rokosz".

At the start of his reign, King Zygmunt I the Old inherited a Kingdom of Poland with a century-long tradition of liberties of the nobility, confirmed in numerous privileges. Zygmunt faced the challenge of consolidating internal power to handle external threats to the country. During the rule of his predecessor, Alexander I, the statute of "Nihil novi" had been instituted, effectively forbidding kings of Poland to promulgate laws without the consent of the Parliament. This proved crippling to Zygmunt's dealings with his nobles and magnates, as well as a serious threat to the country's stability. To strengthen his power, Zygmunt initiated a set of reforms, establishing a permanent conscription army in 1527 and extending the bureaucratic apparatus necessary to govern the state and finance the army. Supported by his Italian consort, Bona Sforza, he began buying up land to enlarge the royal treasury. He also initiated a process of restitution of royal properties, previously pawned or rented to the nobles.

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