Cheng Fangwu
| Cheng Fangwu | |
|---|---|
| Born |
24 August 1897.svg){kind=small} Xinhua, Hunan, Qing Empire
|
| Died | 17 May 1984 |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
Cheng Fangwu (Chinese: 成仿吾; August 24, 1897 – 17 May 1984) was a top level Party elder 元老 who cut his teeth at the beginning of the long march, responsible for education of the Red Army and the party apparatus from the mid-1930s to the end of his life. Earlier in the 1920s he was active as an author of the new literature and a translator.
Cheng Fangwu was born in Xinhua County, Hunan in 1897. He went to Japan in 1910 as a student of Military Science at the Tokyo Imperial University. He returned to China in 1921 and joined the "Creation Quarterly" circle of scholars, publishing numerous articles promulgating the new literature. He was appointed to the faculty of Sun Yat-sen University in Canton in 1924 and also to the Physics faculty at Whampoa Military Academy. He joined the Kuomingtang Party in 1925. Despite the establishment jobs he soon became close to Chou Enlai and Mao Zedong and joined a failed Communist coup d'état. On the government arrest list, Cheng then went in exile to Japan and later Europe, specifically Germany. He mastered the German language and years later authored the direct translation from German to Chinese of Marx and Engels "The Communist Manifesto" which became texts for the Chinese Communist Party. 1928 he joined the Chinese Communist Party in Paris and published their house journal.
Cheng Fangwu returned to China in September 1931 and soon went to Eyuwan 鄂豫皖, a soviet style administered area of about 3 north central Chinese provinces (Hubei, Anhui and Henan). This mountain region was a core Communist power base which they administered entirely. Cheng was the senior commissar responsible for most of the administrative activity, including the economy, education, taxation and transportation. At the second Chinese Soviet Congress in 1934, he was elected to various official positions including the Political Central Committee and to head the Party Education Committee. From then on he was always responsible for the Party education systems as they evolved.
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