Chechen independence

First Chechen War
Part of Chechen–Russian conflict
A Russian Mil Mi-8 helicopter brought down by Chechen fighters near the capital Grozny in 1994
Date 11 December 1994 – 31 August 1996 (1 year, 8 months, 2 weeks and 6 days) Location Chechnya and parts of Ingushetia, Stavropol Krai and Dagestan, Russia Result Chechen victory Khasav-Yurt Accord Russia–Chechen Peace Treaty Withdrawal of Russian federal troops from Chechnya by the end of December 1996 Continuation of Chechnya's de facto independence, however de jure it remained a part of the Russian Federation
Belligerents
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Foreign mujahideen	Russia
Commanders and leaders
Dzhokhar Dudayev † Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev Aslan Maskhadov Shamil Basayev Turpal-Ali Atgeriev Ruslan Gelayev Akhmed Zakayev Fathi al-Jordani	Boris Yeltsin Pavel Grachev Commanders of Joint Group of Federal Forces in Chechnya: Alexei Mityukhin Anatoly Kulikov Anatoly Shkurko Vyacheslav Tikhomirov Vladimir Shamanov
Strength
6,000 (CRI claim) 20,000–40,000 (Russian claim) 500–700	38,000 (December 1994) 70,500 (February 1995)
Casualties and losses
3,000 killed or missing (CRI claim) 17,391 killed or missing (Russian claim)	5,732 killed or missing (Russian official figure) 14,000 killed or missing (CSMR estimate) 17,892–52,000 wounded 1,906–3,000 missing
30,000–40,000 civilians killed (RFSSS data) 80,000 civilians killed (Human rights groups estimate) At least 161 civilians killed outside Chechnya 500,000+ civilians displaced

Chechen victory

Boris Yeltsin
Pavel Grachev

The First Chechen War, also known as the War in Chechnya was a conflict between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, fought from December 1994 to August 1996. After the initial campaign of 1994–1995, culminating in the devastating Battle of Grozny, Russian federal forces attempted to seize control of the mountainous area of Chechnya but were set back by Chechen guerrilla warfare and raids on the flatlands despite Russia's overwhelming manpower, weaponry, and air support. The resulting widespread demoralization of federal forces and the almost universal opposition of the Russian public to the conflict led Boris Yeltsin's government to declare a ceasefire with the Chechens in 1996 and sign a peace treaty a year later.

The official figure for Russian military deaths is 5,732, while most estimates put the number between 3,500 and 7,500, or even as high as 14,000. Although there are no accurate figures for the number of Chechen forces killed, various estimates put the number at about 3,000 to 17,391 deaths and missing. Various figures estimate the number of civilian deaths at between 30,000 and 100,000 killed and possibly over 200,000 injured, while more than 500,000 people were displaced by the conflict, which left cities and villages across the republic in ruins. The conflict led to a significant decrease of non-Chechen population due to violence and discrimination.

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