Charles Tupper
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The Right Honourable Sir Charles Tupper Bt GCMG CB PC |
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| 6th Prime Minister of Canada | |
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In office May 1, 1896 – July 8, 1896 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Governor General | The Earl of Aberdeen |
| Preceded by | Mackenzie Bowell |
| Succeeded by | Wilfrid Laurier |
| Leader of the Official Opposition | |
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In office July 11, 1896 – February 5, 1901 |
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| Prime Minister | Wilfrid Laurier |
| Preceded by | Wilfrid Laurier |
| Succeeded by | Robert Borden |
| 13th Secretary of State for Canada | |
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In office January 15, 1896 – July 8, 1896 |
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| Prime Minister |
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| Preceded by | Walter Humphries Montague |
| Succeeded by | Richard William Scott |
| 2nd Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom | |
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In office May 30, 1883 – January 15, 1896 |
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| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt |
| Succeeded by | Sir Donald Smith |
| Minister of Finance and Receiver General | |
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In office January 27, 1887 – May 22, 1888 |
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| Prime Minister | Sir John A. Macdonald |
| Preceded by | Archibald McLelan |
| Succeeded by | George Eulas Foster |
| Member of Parliament for Cape Breton | |
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In office 1896–1901 |
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| Preceded by | David MacKeen |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Johnston |
| 5th Premier of Nova Scotia | |
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In office May 11, 1864 – July 3, 1867 |
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| Lieutenant Governor | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
July 2, 1821 Amherst, Nova Scotia |
| Died | October 30, 1915 (aged 94) Bexleyheath, England |
| Resting place | St. John's Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | Frances Morse (m. 1846; d. 1912) |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh Medical School (1843) |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Signature |  |
Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, GCMG, CB, PC (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was a Canadian father of Confederation: as the Premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led Nova Scotia into Confederation. He went on to serve as the sixth Prime Minister of Canada, sworn into office on May 1, 1896, seven days after parliament had been dissolved. He lost the June 23 election and resigned on July 8, 1896. His 69-day term as prime minister is currently the shortest in Canadian history.
Tupper was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia to the Rev. Charles Tupper and Miriam Lockhart. He was educated at Horton Academy, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, graduating MD in 1843. By the age of 22 he had handled 116 obstetric cases. He practiced medicine periodically throughout his political career (and served as the first president of the Canadian Medical Association). He entered Nova Scotian politics in 1855 as a protégé of James William Johnston. During Johnston's tenure as premier of Nova Scotia in 1857–59 and 1863–64, Tupper served as provincial secretary. Tupper replaced Johnston as premier in 1864. As premier, Tupper established public education in Nova Scotia. He also worked to expand Nova Scotia's railway network in order to promote industry.
By 1860, Tupper supported a union of all the colonies of British North America. Believing that immediate union of all the colonies was impossible, in 1864, he proposed a Maritime Union. However, representatives of the Province of Canada asked to be allowed to attend the meeting in Charlottetown scheduled to discuss Maritime Union in order to present a proposal for a wider union, and the Charlottetown Conference thus became the first of the three conferences that secured Canadian Confederation. Tupper also represented Nova Scotia at the other two conferences, the Quebec Conference (1864) and the London Conference of 1866. In Nova Scotia, Tupper organized a Confederation Party to combat the activities of the Anti-Confederation Party organized by Joseph Howe and successfully led Nova Scotia into Confederation.
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