Casimir I the Restorer
| Casimir I the Restorer | |
|---|---|
| Duke of Poland | |
Portrait by Aleksander Lesser.
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| Reign | Duke: 1040–1058 |
| Predecessor | Mieszko II Lambert |
| Successor | Bolesław II the Bold |
| Born | 25 July 1016 Kraków, Poland |
| Died | 28 November 1058 (aged 42) Poznań, Poland |
| Burial | Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań |
| Wife | |
| Issue |
With Maria Dobroniega : Bolesław II the Bold Władysław I Herman Mieszko Otto Świętosława, first Queen of Bohemia |
| Dynasty | Piast dynasty |
| Father | Mieszko II Lambert |
| Mother | Richeza of Lotharingia |
Casimir I the Restorer (Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 – d. Poznań, 28 November 1058), was Duke of Poland of the Piast dynasty and the de jure monarch of the entire country from 1034 until his death.
He was the only son of Mieszko II Lambert by his wife Richeza, daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia (of the Ezzonids) and granddaughter of Emperor Otto II.
Casimir is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite all parts of the Polish Kingdom after a period of turmoil. He reinstated Masovia, Silesia and Pomerania into his realm. However, he failed to crown himself King of Poland, mainly because of internal and external threats to his rule.
Relatively little is known of Casimir's early life. He must have spent his childhood at the royal court of Poland in Gniezno. In order to acquire a proper education, he was sent to one of the Polish monasteries in 1026. According to some older sources he initially wanted to have a career in the Church (it is probable that he held the post of oblate) and even asked for a dispensation to become a monk. This hypothesis, however, is not supported by modern historians. Regardless, he left church work for good in 1031.
Casimir's father, Mieszko II, was crowned King of Poland in 1025 after the death of his father Bolesław I the Brave. However, the powerful magnates of the country feared a strong central government like the one that existed under Bolesław I's rule. This led to considerable friction between the King and the nobility. Taking advantage of the King's precarious situation, Mieszko II's older half-brother Bezprym and younger brother Otto turned against him and allied themselves with the Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, whose forces attacked Poland and regained Lusatia. Years of chaos and conflict followed, during which Mieszko II was forced to cede the throne to Bezprym in 1031, fled to Bohemia, was imprisoned by Duke Oldřich and castrated, returned to rule a portion of the kingdom, eventually regained the kingdom, and then died in May 1034 under suspicious circumstances.
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