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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Marshal of Finland Baron
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
VR SR, SVR SR ketj., SL SR
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.png
6th President of Finland
In office
4 August 1944 – 11 March 1946
Prime Minister Antti Hackzell
Urho Castrén
J. K. Paasikivi
Preceded by Risto Ryti
Succeeded by J. K. Paasikivi
Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defense Forces
In office
17 October 1939 – 12 January 1945
Preceded by Hugo Österman (as Commander of the Hosts)
Succeeded by Axel Heinrichs (as Chief of Defence)
In office
25 January 1918 – 30 May 1918
Preceded by post created
Succeeded by Karl Fredrik Wilkama
State Regent of Finland
In office
12 December 1918 – 26 July 1919
Preceded by P. E. Svinhufvud
Succeeded by K. J. Ståhlberg as President of the Republic
Personal details
Born (1867-06-04)4 June 1867
Askainen, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire
Died 27 January 1951(1951-01-27) (aged 83)
Lausanne, Switzerland
Resting place Hietaniemi cemetery, Helsinki
Nationality Finnish
Spouse(s) Anastasie Mannerheim, born Arapova (divorced 1919)
Children Anastasie (1893–1977)
Sophie (1895–1963)
Profession Military officer and
Religion Lutheranism
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Russian Empire
 Finland
Service/branch Imperial Russian Army
White Guard
Finnish Army
Years of service 1887–1917 (Russia)
1918–1946 (Finland)
Rank Lieutenant General (Russia)
Field Marshal (Finland)
Battles/wars

Russo-Japanese War
First World War
Finnish Civil War
Second World War


Russo-Japanese War
First World War
Finnish Civil War
Second World War

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑːɭ ˈɡɵˈstav ˈeːmɪl ˈmanːɛrˈheɪm]; in Russian: Густав Карлович Ма́ннергейм, tr. Gustav Karlovich (lit."Karl's son") Mannerheim; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944–1946).

Mannerheim made a career in the Imperial Russian Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He also had a prominent place in the ceremonies for Tsar Nicholas II's coronation and later had several private meetings with the Russian Tsar. After the Bolshevik revolution, Finland declared its independence but was soon embroiled in civil war between the pro-Bolshevik "Reds" and the "Whites", who were the troops of the Senate of Finland. Mannerheim was appointed the military chief of the Whites. Twenty years later, when Finland was twice at war with the Soviet Union from late 1939 until September 1944, Mannerheim successfully led the defence of Finland as commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. In 1944, when the prospect of Germany's defeat in World War II became clear, Mannerheim was elected President of Finland and oversaw peace negotiations with the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. (Finland was never at war with the United States.) He resigned the presidency in 1946 and died in 1951.


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