Cardio-vascular disease
| Cardiovascular disease | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Micrograph of a heart with fibrosis (yellow) and amyloidosis (brown). Movat's stain. | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Usual onset | Older adults |
| Types | Coronary artery diseases, stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy |
| Prevention | Healthy eating, exercise, avoiding tobacco smoke, limited alcohol intake |
| Treatment | Treating high blood pressure, high blood lipids, diabetes |
| Deaths | 17.9 million / 32% (2015) |
| Classification | |
|---|---|
| External resources |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.
The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated .
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