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Cardinal James Gibbons

His Eminence
James Cardinal Gibbons
Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore
James Gibbons.jpg
See Baltimore
Appointed May 29, 1877 (coadjutor)
Installed October 3, 1877
Term ended March 24, 1921
Predecessor James Roosevelt Bayley
Successor Michael Joseph Curley
Other posts Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere
Orders
Ordination June 30, 1861
by Francis Kenrick
Consecration August 15, 1868
by Martin John Spalding
Created Cardinal June 7, 1886
by Leo XIII
Rank Cardinal- Priest
Personal details
Born (1834-07-23)July 23, 1834
Baltimore, Maryland
Died March 24, 1921(1921-03-24) (aged 86)
Baltimore, Maryland
Previous post Bishop of Richmond (1872-77)
Motto Emitte spiritum tuum
(Send forth your spirit)
Coat of arms James Cardinal Gibbons's coat of arms

James Gibbons (July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872, Bishop of Richmond from 1872 to 1877, and as ninth Archbishop of Baltimore from 1877 until his death in 1921. Gibbons was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1886.

Gibbons was consecrated a bishop in 1868 at the young age of 34 and began serving as the first Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina. He attended the First Vatican Council, where he voted in favor of defining the dogma of papal infallibility. In 1872 he was named Bishop of Richmond by Pope Pius IX. In 1877, Gibbons was appointed Archbishop of Baltimore, the premier apostolic see in the United States. During his 44 years as Baltimore's archbishop, Gibbons became one of the most recognizable Catholic figures in the country. He defended the rights of labor, and helped convince Pope Leo XIII to give his consent to labor unions. In 1886, he was appointed to the College of Cardinals, becoming only the second cardinal in the history of the United States, after Archbishop John McCloskey of New York.

The fourth of six children, James Gibbons was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Thomas and Bridget (née Walsh) Gibbons. His parents were from Tourmackeady, County Mayo, Ireland, and settled in the United States after moving to Canada. After falling ill with tuberculosis in 1839, his father moved the family to his native Ireland, where he believed the air would benefit him. There, Thomas operated a grocery store in Ballinrobe and young James received his early education. His father died in 1847, and his mother returned the family to the United States in 1853, settling in New Orleans, Louisiana.


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