Carbamazepine
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| Trade names | Tegretol |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682237 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ~100% |
| Protein binding | 70-80% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic—by CYP3A4, to active epoxide form (carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide) |
| Biological half-life | 36 hours (single dose), 16-24 hours (repeated dosing) |
| Excretion | Urine (72%), feces (28%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.512 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H12N2O |
| Molar mass | 236.269 g/mol |
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Carbamazepine (CBZ), sold under the tradename Tegretol among others, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is not effective for absence seizures or myoclonic seizures. It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second line agent in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate.
Common side effects include nausea and drowsiness. Serious side effects may include skin rashes, decreased bone marrow function, suicidal thoughts, or confusion. It should not be used in those with a history of bone marrow problems. Use during pregnancy may cause harm to the baby; however stopping it in pregnant women with seizures is not recommended. Its use during breastfeeding is not recommended. Care should be taken in those with either kidney or liver problems.
Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter Schindler. It was first marketed in 1962. It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.01 and 0.07 USD per dose as of 2014.
Carbamazepine is typically used for the treatment of seizure disorders and neuropathic pain. It is used off-label as a second-line treatment for bipolar disorder and in combination with an antipsychotic in some cases of schizophrenia when treatment with a conventional antipsychotic alone has failed. It is not effective for absence seizures or myoclonic seizures.
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Wikipedia