Captopril
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| Pronunciation | /ˈkæptəprɪl/ |
| Trade names | Capoten |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682823 |
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Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 70–75% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Biological half-life | 1.9 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.057.806 |
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| Formula | C9H15NO3S |
| Molar mass | 217.29 g/mol |
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Captopril, sold under the trade name Capoten, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure.
Captopril was discovered in 1977. It was the first ACE inhibitor developed and was considered a breakthrough both because of its novel mechanism of action and also because of the revolutionary development process. Captopril was discovered and developed at E. R. Squibb & Sons Pharmaceuticals based on concepts pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Vane and is now marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Captopril's main uses are based on its vasodilation and inhibition of some renal function activities. These benefits are most clearly seen in: 1) Hypertension 2) Cardiac conditions such as congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction 3) Preservation of kidney function in diabetic nephropathy
Additionally, it has shown mood-elevating properties in some patients. This is consistent with the observation that animal screening models indicate putative antidepressant activity for this compound, although one study has been negative. Formal clinical trials in depressed patients have not been reported.
It has also been investigated for use in the treatment of cancer. Captopril stereoisomers were also reported to inhibit some metallo-β-lactamases.
Captopril was developed in 1975 by three researchers at the U.S. drug company Squibb (now Bristol-Myers Squibb): Miguel Ondetti, Bernard Rubin, and David Cushman. Squibb filed for U.S. patent protection on the drug in February 1976 and U.S. Patent 4,046,889 was granted in September 1977.
The development of captopril was among the earliest successes of the revolutionary concept of ligand-based drug design. The renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system had been extensively studied in the mid-20th century, and this system presented several opportune targets in the development of novel treatments for hypertension. The first two targets that were attempted were renin and ACE. Captopril was the culmination of efforts by Squibb's laboratories to develop an ACE inhibitor.
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