Captain Henry Metcalfe
Captain Henry Metcalfe (October 29, 1847 – August 17, 1927 in New York) was an American Army ordnance officer, inventor and early organizational theorist, known for his 1873 invention of a detachable magazine for small arms, for his work on modern management accounting, the development of the "time card" and his theory on the role of middle management.
Metcalfe was born in New York, where his father Dr. John Thomas Metcalfe was attending physician to Bellevue Hospital Center. His father was former American Army ordnance officer, and later became professor of institutes and practice of medicine at the New York University. Metcalfe graduated June 15, 1868 from West Point Military Academy, and was commissioned into the Ordnance Corps.
Metcalfe started his military career as assistant ordnance officer at the Ordnance Bureau in Washington, D.C. early 1869. That year he was sequentially stationed at Rock Island Arsenal III, at the Military Academy as assistant professor of Spanish, and as aide-de-camp of Major-General Henry W. Halleck. After a 7 1⁄2-month leave of absence in 1870, he was appointed executive ordnance assistant at Springfield Armory November 11, 1870. There he developed several improvements for small firearms for which he obtained a series of patents.
On June 23, 1874 he was promoted to first lieutenant. In 1875 he was inspector at the small arms manufacturing at Providence Tool Company for three months. The next two years he participated in the presentation of the US Ordnance Department at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Metcalfe superintendented the construction of the US Government Building, took charge of the Ordnance Exhibit, and represented the Executive Departments of the US government as Executive officer of the Board.
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