Caliph Umar
| Umar ibn Al-Khattab عمر بن الخطاب |
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| 2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate | |||||
| Reign | 23 August 634 CE – 3 November 644 CE | ||||
| Predecessor | Abu Bakr | ||||
| Successor | Uthman ibn Affan | ||||
| Born | 584 Mecca, Arabia |
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| Died | November 3, 644 (aged 59–60) (26 Dhul-Hijjah 23 AH) Medina, Arabia, Rashidun Empire |
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| Burial | Prophet's Mosque, Medina | ||||
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| Tribe | Quraysh (Banu Adi) | ||||
| Father | Khattab ibn Nufayl | ||||
| Mother | Hantamah binti Hisham | ||||
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‘Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب |
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| Venerated in | All of Sunni Islam (Salafi Sunnis honor rather than venerate him). |
‘Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb
Umar (/ˈuːmɑːr/), also spelled Omar (/ˈoʊmɑːr/; Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب , translit. ʿUmar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb, lit. 'Umar, Son of Al-Khattab'; c. 584 CE – 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by certain historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, ruling the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was eventually killed by the Persian Piruz Nahavandi (known as ‘Abū-Lū‘lū‘ah in Arabic) in 644 CE.
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