CPTH
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IUPAC name
3-Chloro-4-methylaniline
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| Other names
3-Chloro-4-methylbenzenamine; 2-Chloro-4-aminotoluene; 3-Chloro-p-toluidine; Gull toxicant; DRC-1339; CPTH
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C7H8ClN | |
| Molar mass | 141.60 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Yellow to brown liquid |
| Density | 1.167 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 24 °C (75 °F; 297 K) |
| Boiling point | 237 to 238 °C (459 to 460 °F; 510 to 511 K) |
| Soluble in hot water | |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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1500 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
Starlicide or gull toxicant is a chemical avicide that is highly toxic to European starlings (thus the name) and gulls, but less toxic to other birds or to mammals such as humans and pets.
The name Starlicide originated as a registered trademark of the animal feed manufacturer Ralston-Purina in St. Louis, Missouri. Starlicide is a small molecule in which a central benzene ring is modified by amine, chloro and methyl substituents in a specific pattern. Because special names exist for benzene rings modified with one or two of these functional groups, several synonymous chemical names may be encountered: 3-chloro-4-methylaniline or 3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine, 2-chloro-4-aminotoluene, or 3-chloro-p-toluidine. Numbered groups (2-chloro, 4-amino) also may be named out of order; the numbers of such groups equal the number of carbon atoms in the benzene ring separating them from the group implied in the special name.
Preparations of this chemical may be named as a hydrochloride (e.g. "3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride", CPTH), indicating that hydrochloric acid has been used to neutralize the molecule to a salt in which the amine group is protonated and a chloride counterion is present; otherwise the free base is indicated. The chemical salt is also known as DRC-1339.
Starlicide is lethal to starlings with an acute oral LD50 of 3.8 milligrams per kilogram body weight, but it is less toxic to most other birds. Grain-eating game birds such as bobwhite quail, pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and rooks (Corvus frugilegus) are also vulnerable. Hawks and mammals are resistant to the poison. Starlings are killed in a slow, "nonviolent" death by uremic poisoning and congestion of major organs. The effect is described as "a grayish white, frost-like material of uric acid overlaying the serosal surfaces of the various organs, accompanied by sterile inflammation and necrosis in the affected and adjacent tissues" akin to avian visceral gout. The site of action is believed to be in the kidney.
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