César Falcón
| César Falcón Gárfias | |
|---|---|
Falcón c. 1939
|
|
| Born |
19 April 1892 Lima, Peru |
| Died | 11 October 1970 (aged 78) Lima, Peru |
| Nationality | Peruvian |
| Occupation | Writer, journalist and politician |
César Falcón Gárfias (19 April 1892 – 11 October 1970) was a Peruvian writer, journalist and politician.
César Falcón Gárfias was born in Lima, Peru in 1892. From an early age he was enthusiastic about revolutionary politics. He and María Weisse founded a group called Amauta, a forum for reporting the abuses of imperialism and working towards improved conditions for the Peruvian workung class. Through this group and other political activities he became known to other left-leaning intellectuals and artists in Peru. Falcón and the essayist Moquegua José Carlos Mariátegui co-founded the newspaper La Razón (Reason). The paper stood out for its strident defense of university reform and strong support for the labor movement.
A few months after La Razón was launched, on 4 July 1919 Augusto Bernardino Leguía staged a successful coup. Falcón and Mariátegui were radically opposed to the dictatorship that began to emerge. Their printers withdrew support. To quietly get his opponents out of the way Leguía invited a number of them to accept scholarships to travel to Europe. With little choice, Falcón moved to Spain. Mariátegui went to Italy and then travelled through Europe, with lengthy stays in France, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, where he became imbued with Communist ideology. Mariátegui then joined Falcón, Carlos Roe and Palmiro Machiavelo to found the first Peruvian Communist cell. The goal was to promote (from Europe) the political organization of Peruvian workers.
Falcón soon became one of the leaders of left-wing activists in Spain, and worked for several newspapers and magazines.Irene Lewy Rodríguez (1908–99) met César Falcón in 1922. Two years later the newspaper El Sol asked Falcón to move to London as a correspondent. Falcón married Irene Lewy, who accompanied him under contract as correspondent by the daily La Voz (The Voice), a Spanish newspaper. Their son Mayo was born in London in May 1926 but was not registered at the Spanish consulate due to concerns with the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. From 1927 to 1939 César Falcón edited various publications of the Spanish Communist Party. Irene and César returned to Spain after Primo de Rivera fell in 1930. They published Historia Nueva (New History) and launched the party Izquierda Revolucionaria y Antiimperialista (IRYA: Anti-Imperialist Revolutionary Left). They were active during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). The Falcóns' marriage broke down because César Falcón could not remain faithful.
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