Butterworth, Eastern Cape

Butterworth
Butterworth, Main Street
Butterworth Show map of Eastern Cape Butterworth Show map of South Africa Butterworth Show map of Africa  Butterworth shown within Eastern Cape
Coordinates: 32°20′S 28°09′E / 32.333°S 28.150°E / -32.333; 28.150Coordinates: 32°20′S 28°09′E / 32.333°S 28.150°E / -32.333; 28.150
Country	South Africa
Province	Eastern Cape
District	Amathole
Municipality	Mnquma
Established	1827
Area
• Total	26.34 km2 (10.17 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	44,039
• Density	1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
• Black African	98.2%
• Coloured	0.7%
• Indian/Asian	0.4%
• White	0.5%
• Other	0.2%
First languages (2011)
• Xhosa	92.7%
• English	3.0%
• Other	4.3%
Postal code (street)	4960
PO box	4960
Area code	047

Butterworth (also known as Gcuwa) is a town in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Butterworth has a population of 287,780 and is situated on the N2 national highway 111 km north of East London.

The area around Butterworth was populated by Khoi San people, however they were gradually absorbed into the Xhosa people who arrived from further North by means of force.

Butterworth was first established as a Wesleyan mission station in 1827 north of the Great Kei River in British Kaffraria. It was named after Joseph Butterworth. The mission station and white settlement of Butterworth was burnt down 3 times during the Cape Frontier Wars. Nonetheless, it is one of the oldest white settlements in Eastern Cape. When the British seized the Cape of Good Hope, many of the Boers trekked north to establish their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) in South Africa spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The town was close to the seat of Hintsa ka Khawuta, chief of the Gcaleka people of the Xhosa tribe. It was of great strategic importance.

Around that time, a young girl, Nongqawuse, had a vision that her forebears would help the Xhosa drive the English out. The disastrous result weakened the Xhosa. The Ninth Frontier War spelled the end of the Xhosa, and the Transkei area was incorporated into the Cape Colony. But it was never quiet. There were raids between settlers and Xhosa, and turf wars between different Xhosa groups. Missions were established here and there to try to bring Christianity to the local people, with limited success.

Butterworth is where historiographer and travel journalist Vuyo Bengu Makasi comes from. It is also the birthplace of Marmaduke Pattle, the highest scoring RAF ace of World War 2.