Bundjalung languages

Yugambeh-Bandjalang
Bandjalang, Yugambeh, Githabul
Region	Queensland & New South Wales, Australia
Ethnicity	Bundjalung people, Githabul, Yugambeh people etc
Native speakers	20 (2005) to 95 (2006 census)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Southeastern North Coast Bandjalangic Yugambeh-Bandjalang
Dialects	Middle Clarence Tweed-Albert Lower Richmond Condamine-Upper Clarence
Writing system	Latin with slight modifications
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously:  – Bandjalang  – Githabul  – Minjungbal  – Arakwal (not a specific dialect)  – Yugambeh
Glottolog	band1339
AIATSIS	E12 Bundjalung (cover term), E17 Yugambeh
Bandjalangic languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)
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Yugambeh-Bundjalang, or Bandjalang is a dialect continuum of Australian Indigenous languages, that is spoken in northeastern New South Wales and South-East Queensland.

Bundjalung consists of a number of dialects, including Yugambeh (sometimes confused with Yugambal), Nganduwal, Minjangbal, Njangbal, Biriin, Baryulgil, Waalubal, Dinggabal, Wiyabal, Gidabal, Galibal, and Wudjeebal; Language varieties in the group vary in degree of mutual intelligibility. Bowern (2011) lists Yugambal, Githabul, Minjungbal, Ngara:ngwal, and Bandjalang as separate Bandjalangic languages.

Yugambeh-Bandjalang is spoken over a wide geographic area; the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Logan River catchment as the northern boundary, the Clarence River forming the south and south-western boundaries, and the Northern Tablelands marking the western boundary.

Varieties of Bundjalung may have a vowel system of either 3 or 4 vowels that also contrast in length, resulting in either 6 or 8 phonemic vowels in total.

In practical orthography and some descriptions of the language, the letter "h" is often used after the vowel to indicate a long vowel.

Vowel Alternations

/a/ and /e/ are neutralised as [ɛ] before /j/.

The low central vowel /a/ can be fronted and raised following a palatal consonant, and backed following a velar consonant.